Blood is difficult to recreate in the lab because its flow behavior is not controlled by plasma alone. Much of its complexity comes from red blood cells, which deform, interact with one another, migrate within vessels, and respond strongly to confinement. This becomes especially...
Cell membrane damage is deeply connected to many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. The plasma membrane controls transport, signaling, ion balance, and cellular homeostasis, so even subtle changes in membrane integrity can have major biological consequences. The challenge is that many...
Imagine a laboratory that fits in the palm of your hand. Though it might sound futuristic, this technology is already revolutionizing how we handle biological samples and chemical reactions. At its core, this field involves shrinking massive equipment into tiny, efficient packages. But how do...
Antibiotic resistance is not always easy to detect. In some bacterial infections, most cells may appear susceptible to an antibiotic, while a very small subpopulation can survive treatment. This phenomenon, called heteroresistance, is clinically important because these rare resistant cells can expand during antibiotic...
Natural Killer cells are promising tools for cancer immunotherapy because they can recognize and kill tumor cells without prior antigen sensitization. However, NK cell products are not uniform. Within the same sample, some NK cells may kill efficiently, some may kill slowly, some may...